Effective management of the complex Socio-ecological systems (SES) of the river basin, influenced by a range of social, economic, and environmental variables, requires multi-purpose Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSSs) to identify and select balanced and sustainable regeneration scenarios. In many cases, the lack of cooperation between administrative institutions and the low level of participation of the stakeholders involved are the main obstacles to effective planning and regeneration practices and call for new forms of governance. However, to address these critical issues, few studies use quantitative approaches to assess the multidimensional resources of river basins in an integrated perspective in terms of their capacity to activate cooperation networks between river-crossed cities. This study aims to suggest a methodological approach combining Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Geographic Information Systems to achieve integration in pursuing sustainable regeneration pathways for a river basin district, analysing the case study of the Sarno River, composed of 20 administrative units, in Southern Italy. The specific purpose is to provide decision-makers with an SDSS to evaluate sustainability scenarios based on the multi-dimensional performances of River Basin District Units (RBDU). The results delivered four partial rankings of RBDU related to social, cultural, ecological, and economic scenarios and one overall ranking for an integrated sustainability scenario. Each ranking includes a clustering of municipalities according to three classes: Leader, Link and Follower. The outcome is twofold: to provide decision-makers with recommendations for supporting governance models based on sustainability pathways and to suggest valuable methods and tools for dealing with the spatial misfits, considered as the mismatch between the physical boundaries of a natural system and the management area of an organization.

中文翻译：

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流域地区多维可持续性评估的空间决策支持系统——以意大利萨尔诺河为例

受一系列社会、经济和环境变量影响，对流域复杂的社会生态系统 (SES) 进行有效管理需要多用途空间决策支持系统 (SDSS) 来识别和选择平衡且可持续的再生方案。在许多情况下，行政机构之间缺乏合作以及相关利益相关者的参与程度低是有效规划和重建实践的主要障碍，并需要新的治理形式。然而，针对这些关键问题，很少有研究采用定量方法从综合角度评估流域多维资源激活跨河流城市间合作网络的能力。本研究旨在提出一种结合多标准决策分析和地理信息系统的方法，以实现流域地区可持续再生路径的整合，分析了意大利南部由 20 个行政单位组成的萨尔诺河的案例研究。具体目的是为决策者提供SDSS，以根据流域地区单位（RBDU）的多维绩效评估可持续性情景。结果提供了与社会、文化、生态和经济情景相关的 RBDU 的四项部分排名以及综合可持续发展情景的一项总体排名。每个排名都包括根据三个类别的城市集群：领导者、链接和追随者。结果是双重的：为决策者提供支持基于可持续性路径的治理模型的建议，并提出处理空间不适应（被认为是自然系统的物理边界与管理区域之间的不匹配）的有价值的方法和工具。一个组织的。