The use of digital twins (DTs) has proliferated across various fields and industries, with a recent surge in the healthcare sector. The concept of digital twin for health (DT4H) holds great promise to revolutionize the entire healthcare system, including management and delivery, disease treatment and prevention, and health well-being maintenance, ultimately improving human life. The rapid growth of big data and continuous advancement in data science (DS) and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to significantly expedite DT research and development by providing scientific expertise, essential data, and robust cybertechnology infrastructure. Although various DT initiatives have been underway in the industry, government, and military, DT4H is still in its early stages. This paper presents an overview of the current applications of DTs in healthcare, examines consortium research centers and their limitations, and surveys the current landscape of emerging research and development opportunities in healthcare. We envision the emergence of a collaborative global effort among stakeholders to enhance healthcare and improve the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide through pioneering research and development in the realm of DT technology.

数字孪生 (DT) 的使用已在各个领域和行业激增，最近在医疗保健领域的应用激增。健康数字孪生（DT4H）的概念有望彻底改变整个医疗保健系统，包括管理和交付、疾病治疗和预防以及健康福祉维护，最终改善人类生活。大数据的快速增长以及数据科学（DS）和人工智能（AI）的不断进步有可能通过提供科学专业知识、基本数据和强大的网络技术基础设施来显着加快数字技术的研究和开发。尽管行业、政府和军队已经开展了各种 DT 计划，但 DT4H 仍处于早期阶段。本文概述了 DT 在医疗保健领域的当前应用，研究了联盟研究中心及其局限性，并调查了医疗保健领域新兴研究和开发机会的现状。我们设想利益相关者之间将展开全球协作，通过 DT 技术领域的开拓性研究和开发，增强全球数百万人的医疗保健并改善生活质量。