Interpretation of the latent meaning of manifest content is the core of the traditional approach to psychoanalytic treatment. The main purpose of such interpretation is to enhance the patient’s self-knowledge, in particular his or her awareness of unconscious wishes and their embeddedness in inner conflicts. An assumption of classical psychoanalysis is that veridical interpretations—as Freud put it, interpretations that tally with what is real in the patient—will be especially effective therapeutically. These basic assumptions have been called into question, as reflected in such concepts as “narrative truth” and the overriding importance of the patient’s “assured conviction” regarding interpretations. Also called into question is the therapeutic value of “deep” interpretations intended to uncover repressed impulses. To an important extent, these have been replaced by interpretations of defensive processes just below the surface of consciousness, and interpretations that make connections among different experiences, both of which are intended to help the patient understand how his or her mind works. There is also an increased emphasis on nonsemantic aspects of interpretation, as well as some degree of skepticism toward the therapeutic value of interpretation itself, along with an increased emphasis on the implicit interpretive aspects of the therapeutic relationship. Finally, representative research is presented on the relation between transference interpretation and therapeutic outcome.

中文翻译：

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口译 口译

对显性内容的潜在意义的解释是传统精神分析治疗方法的核心。这种解释的主要目的是增强患者的自我认识，特别是他或她对无意识愿望及其嵌入内心冲突的认识。经典精神分析的一个假设是，真实的解释——正如弗洛伊德所说，与患者真实情况相符的解释——在治疗上将特别有效。这些基本假设已受到质疑，正如“叙述真相”等概念以及患者对解释的“确信无疑”的压倒性重要性所反映的那样。同样受到质疑的是旨在揭示压抑冲动的“深度”解释的治疗价值。在很大程度上，这些已经被对意识表面之下的防御过程的解释以及在不同经历之间建立​​联系的解释所取代，这两者都旨在帮助患者理解他或她的思维是如何运作的。人们也越来越强调解释的非语义方面，以及对解释本身的治疗价值的某种程度的怀疑，同时越来越强调治疗关系的隐含解释方面。最后，提出了关于移情解释和治疗结果之间关系的代表性研究。