Flash floods are a major threat to life and properties in arid regions. In recent decades, Egypt has experienced severe flash floods that have caused significant damage across the country, including the Red Sea region. The aim of this study is to map the flood hazards in flood-prone areas along the Red Sea region using a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based morphometric analysis approach. To evaluate the flood hazard degree, the adopted methodology considers various morphometric parameters such as basin area, slope, sinuosity index, shape factor, drainage intensity, circularity ratio, and curve number. GIS techniques were employed to delineate the watershed and the drainage network. The delineated watershed was used together with the digitized maps of soil and land use types to estimate the curve number and the morphometric parameters for each subbasin. The flood hazard degrees are calculated based on the considered morphometric parameters and distinguished based on a five-degree scale ranging from very low to very high. Results indicate that 47% of the study area has a very high flood hazard degree. Furthermore, morphometric analysis results align with the runoff results simulated by a hydrological model, where, for example, basins with a high to very high hazard degree exhibited high runoff. This suggests the influence of physical characteristics on the hydrological behavior of the watershed and further validates the morphometric analysis presented in this work. The results presented here can help policy planners and decision-makers develop appropriate measures to mitigate flash floods and achieve sustainable development in arid regions.

山洪暴发对干旱地区的生命和财产构成重大威胁。近几十年来，埃及经历了严重的山洪暴发，给包括红海地区在内的全国各地造成了重大损失。本研究的目的是利用基于地理信息系统 (GIS) 的形态分析方法绘制红海地区洪水易发地区的洪水灾害图。为了评估洪水灾害程度，所采用的方法考虑了各种形态参数，如流域面积、坡度、蜿蜒指数、形状因子、排水强度、圆度比和曲线数。采用地理信息系统技术来描绘流域和排水网络。将划定的流域与土壤和土地利用类型的数字化地图一起使用，以估计每个子流域的曲线数和形态参数。洪水危险度是根据所考虑的形态参数计算的，并根据从非常低到非常高的五级尺度进行区分。结果表明，47%的研究区具有极高的洪涝灾害危险度。此外，形态分析结果与水文模型模拟的径流结果一致，例如，具有高至极高危险度的流域表现出高径流。这表明物理特征对流域水文行为的影响，并进一步验证了本工作中提出的形态分析。这里提出的结果可以帮助政策规划者和决策者制定适当的措施来减轻山洪爆发并实现干旱地区的可持续发展。