The epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections is not well described. In this study, we determine the incidence and prevalence of NTM infections and focus on social risk factors. In addition, we describe people with pulmonary and extrapulmonary NTM. What are the incidence and prevalence of NTM, and what are the characteristics of the affected patients? This is a nationwide retrospective register-based cohort study in Denmark. Adult patients in the Danish national registers who received a diagnosis of NTM disease from 2000 to 2017 were classified as having either pulmonary or extrapulmonary NTM disease. We identified 1,146 adults with an NTM diagnosis. Of these, 661 patients had pulmonary NTM, of whom 50.4% were male, whereas 485 had extrapulmonary NTM, of whom 59.6% were male. The median age (interquartile range) was 66 (18) years and 57 (32) years, respectively. The yearly incidence rate per 100,000 increased between 2000 and 2017 for both pulmonary NTM (0.4 to 1.3) and extrapulmonary NTM (0.3 to 0.6). The annual prevalence per 100,000 increased from 0.4 to 3.5 for pulmonary NTM and from 0.3 to 1.0 for extrapulmonary NTM. The incidence rate increased with age. The incidence of pulmonary NTM was highest among those who were 70 years of age or older (19.3 per 100,000). Compared with patients with pulmonary NTM, patients with extrapulmonary NTM were more likely to be employed and had a higher educational level. The prevalence of NTM disease in Denmark increased between 2000 and 2017. Patients with pulmonary NTM and patients with extrapulmonary NTM represent two distinct groups that differ in age, sex, education, and employment status. Increased suspicion of pulmonary NTM disease is warranted in the elderly after exclusion of more common lung infections.

中文翻译：

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丹麦成人非结核分枝杆菌疾病在全国范围内的发病率不断上升：十八年的随访

非结核分枝杆菌 (NTM) 感染的流行病学尚未得到很好的描述。在这项研究中，我们确定了 NTM 感染的发生率和患病率，并重点关注社会危险因素。此外，我们还描述了患有肺部和肺外 NTM 的患者。 NTM 的发病率和患病率是多少？受影响患者的特征是什么？这是丹麦一项全国性回顾性登记队列研究。丹麦国家登记册中 2000 年至 2017 年诊断出 NTM 疾病的成年患者被归类为患有肺部或肺外 NTM 疾病。我们确定了 1,146 名患有 NTM 诊断的成年人。其中，661 名患者患有肺部 NTM，其中 50.4% 为男性，而 485 名患者患有肺外 NTM，其中 59.6% 为男性。中位年龄（四分位距）分别为 66 (18) 岁和 57 (32) 岁。 2000 年至 2017 年间，肺 NTM（0.4 至 1.3）和肺外 NTM（0.3 至 0.6）的年发病率均有所增加。肺NTM的年患病率每10万人从0.4增加到3.5，肺外NTM的年患病率从0.3增加到1.0。发病率随着年龄的增长而增加。肺部 NTM 的发病率在 70 岁或以上的人群中最高（每 10 万人中有 19.3 人）。与肺内NTM患者相比，肺外NTM患者就业的可能性更高，受教育程度更高。 2000 年至 2017 年间，丹麦 NTM 疾病的患病率有所增加。肺 NTM 患者和肺外 NTM 患者代表了年龄、性别、教育和就业状况不同的两个不同群体。在排除更常见的肺部感染后，老年人对肺部 NTM 疾病的怀疑增加了。