The digital transformation of the industry allows the optimization of resources through enabling technology that virtualizes the behavior of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) along the entire value chain. However, these virtual environments characterized by machine-to-machine interactions lacked the presence of humans who are at the center of the next defined industrial revolution, Industry 5.0. The goal is for humans to be actively integrated into these virtual environments called metaverses where interactions with environmental digital assets are possible. To achieve this human-centered industrial metaverse perspective, it is necessary to provide humans with technologies that allow them to reach a more immersive and realistic conception of the production processes. For this purpose, we present in this paper, a framework based on hyperconnectivity where several enabling technologies (e.g., Digital Twins, Virtual Reality, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)) are integrated in order to converge towards the industrial human-centered metaverse. To validate our framework, a demonstrator has been developed enabling the evaluation of the behavior of humans in virtual environments when facing collaborative tasks that require human-to-human interaction. Within the evaluation of this demonstrator, an experiment based on an assembly that requires interaction with an autonomous vehicle has been carried out both in reality and in the virtual world. The results obtained indicate that the avatars’ metaverse performance is closer to reality when individuals have previous experience with VR goggles, even proving, in this case, the effectiveness of metaverse for industrial operators’ training. In addition, the performance of the application has been evaluated with technical parameters and the perception of the users has been analyzed by conducting a survey receiving very positive feedback and results. Therefore, the industrial metaverse, blending cutting-edge tech with a human-centric approach for Industry 5.0, is now a reality.

中文翻译：

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通过元宇宙迈向工业 5.0

行业的数字化转型允许通过使整个价值链上的网络物理系统（CPS）行为虚拟化的支持技术来优化资源。然而，这些以机器对机器交互为特征的虚拟环境缺乏人类的存在，而人类是下一次定义的工业革命（工业 5.0）的中心。目标是让人类积极融入这些称为元宇宙的虚拟环境中，在元宇宙中可以与环境数字资产进行交互。为了实现这种以人为中心的工业虚拟宇宙视角，有必要为人类提供技术，使他们能够对生产过程产生更加身临其境和现实的概念。为此，我们在本文中提出了一个基于超连接的框架，其中集成了多种使能技术（例如数字孪生、虚拟现实、工业物联网（IIoT）），以汇聚到以人为中心的工业元宇宙。为了验证我们的框架，我们开发了一个演示器，可以评估虚拟环境中人类在面临需要人与人交互的协作任务时的行为。在对该演示器的评估中，在现实和虚拟世界中都进行了基于需要与自动驾驶车辆交互的组件的实验。获得的结果表明，当个体有过VR眼镜使用经验时，虚拟人物的虚拟世界表现更接近现实，甚至证明了虚拟世界对于工业操作人员培训的有效性。此外，还通过技术参数评估了应用程序的性能，并通过开展一项收到非常积极的反馈和结果的调查来分析用户的看法。因此，将尖端技术与以人为本的工业 5.0 方法相结合的工业虚拟世界现已成为现实。