Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an emerging global healthcare problem, has become the leading cause of liver transplantation in recent decades. No effective therapies in the clinic have been proven due to the incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of NASH, and further studies are expected to continue to delve into the mechanisms of NASH. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are small lipid membrane vesicles carrying proteins, microRNAs and other molecules, have been identified to play a vital role in cell-to-cell communication and are involved in the development and progression of various diseases. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the role of EVs in NASH. Many studies have revealed that EVs mediate important pathological processes in NASH, and the role of EVs in NASH is distinct and variable depending on their origin cells and target cells. This review outlines the emerging mechanisms of EVs in the development of NASH and the preclinical evidence related to stem cell-derived EVs as a potential therapeutic strategy for NASH. Moreover, possible strategies involving EVs as clinical diagnostic, staging and prognostic biomarkers for NASH are summarized.

中文翻译：

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细胞外囊泡在非酒精性脂肪性肝炎中的作用：新机制、潜在治疗方法和生物标志物

非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）是一个新兴的全球医疗保健问题，近几十年来已成为肝移植的主要原因。由于对NASH发病机制的认识不完全，临床上尚未证实有效的治疗方法，预计进一步的研究将继续深入探讨NASH的机制。细胞外囊泡（EV）是一种携带蛋白质、microRNA 和其他分子的小脂膜囊泡，已被确定在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用，并参与各种疾病的发生和进展。近年来，人们对电动汽车在 NASH 中的作用越来越感兴趣。许多研究表明，EVs 介导 NASH 的重要病理过程，并且 EVs 在 NASH 中的作用是独特且可变的，具体取决于其起源细胞和靶细胞。这篇综述概述了 EV 在 NASH 发展中的新兴机制，以及干细胞衍生的 EV 作为 NASH 潜在治疗策略相关的临床前证据。此外，还总结了涉及 EV 作为 NASH 临床诊断、分期和预后生物标志物的可能策略。