Background

Near-infrared II theranostic agents have gained great momentum in the research field of AD owing to the appealing advantages. Recently, an array of activatable NIR-II fluorescence probes has been developed to specifically monitor pathological targets of AD. Furthermore, various NIR-II-mediated nanomaterials with desirable photothermal and photodynamic properties have demonstrated favorable outcomes in the management of AD.

Methods

We summerized amounts of references and focused on small-molecule probes, nanomaterials, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy based on NIR-II fluorescent imaging for the diagnosis and treatment in AD. In addition, design strategies for NIR-II-triggered theranostics targeting AD are presented, and some prospects are also addressed.

Results

NIR-II theranostic agents including small molecular probes and nanoparticles have received the increasing attention for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, most of the theranostic agents exhibited the promising results in animal studies. To our surprise, the multifunctional nanoplatforms also show a great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

Conclusions

Although NIR-II theranostic agents showed the great potential in diagnosis and treatment of AD, there are still many challenges: 1) Faborable NIR-II fluorohpores are still lacking; 2) Biocompatibility, bioseurity and dosage of NIR-II theranostic agents should be further revealed; 3) New equipment and software associated with NIR-II imaging system should be explored.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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用于诊断和治疗阿尔茨海默病的近红外 II 治疗诊断剂

背景

近红外II治疗诊断剂以其诱人的优势在AD研究领域获得了巨大的发展势头。最近，开发了一系列可激活的 NIR-II 荧光探针来专门监测 AD 的病理目标。此外，各种具有理想光热和光动力特性的 NIR-II 介导的纳米材料在 AD 治疗中表现出良好的效果。

方法

我们总结了大量的参考文献，重点关注小分子探针、纳米材料、光热疗法和基于 NIR-II 荧光成像的光动力疗法在 AD 诊断和治疗中的应用。此外，还提出了 NIR-II 触发的针对 AD 的治疗诊断的设计策略，并展望了一些前景。

结果

包括小分子探针和纳米粒子在内的 NIR-II 治疗诊断剂在生物医学应用中受到越来越多的关注。与此同时，大多数治疗诊断剂在动物研究中表现出了有希望的结果。令我们惊讶的是，多功能纳米平台在AD的诊断和治疗方面也显示出巨大的潜力。

结论

尽管NIR-II治疗诊断剂在AD的诊断和治疗中显示出巨大潜力，但仍面临许多挑战：1）仍然缺乏良好的NIR-II荧光孔；2）应进一步揭示NIR-II治疗诊断剂的生物相容性、生物安全性和剂量；3）探索与NIR-II成像系统相关的新设备和软件。

图形概要