Carbon dioxide (CO₂) has long been recognized as an ideal C1 feedstock comonomer for producing sustainable materials because it is renewable, abundant, and cost-effective. However, activating CO₂ presents a significant challenge because it is highly oxidized and stable. A CO₂/butadiene-derived δ-valerolactone (EVP), generated via palladium-catalyzed telomerization between CO₂ and butadiene, has emerged as an attractive intermediate for producing sustainable copolymers from CO₂ and butadiene. Owing to the presence of two active carbon–carbon double bonds and a lactone unit, EVP serves as a versatile intermediate for creating sustainable copolymers with a CO₂ content of up to 29 wt % (33 mol %). In this Review, advances in the synthesis of copolymers from CO₂ and butadiene with divergent structures through various polymerization protocols have been summarized. Achievements made in homo- and copolymerization of EVP or its derivatives are comprehensively reviewed, while the postmodification of the obtained copolymers to access new polymers are also discussed. Meanwhile, potential applications of the obtained copolymers are also discussed. The literature references were sorted into sections based on polymerization strategies and mechanisms, facilitating readers in gaining a comprehensive view of the present chemistry landscape and inspiring innovative approaches to synthesizing novel CO₂-derived copolymers.

中文翻译：

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由二氧化碳和丁二烯可持续合成共聚物

二氧化碳 (CO ₂ ) 长期以来被认为是生产可持续材料的理想 C1 原料共聚单体，因为它是可再生的、丰富的且具有成本效益。然而，活化CO ₂提出了重大挑战，因为它高度氧化且稳定。 CO ₂ /丁二烯衍生的δ-戊内酯（EVP）是通过CO ₂和丁二烯之间的钯催化调聚反应生成的，已成为从CO ₂和丁二烯生产可持续共聚物的有吸引力的中间体。由于存在两个活性碳-碳双键和一个内酯单元，EVP 可作为一种多功能中间体，用于制造 CO ₂含量高达 29 wt% (33 mol%) 的可持续共聚物。在本综述中，总结了通过各种聚合方案从 CO ₂和丁二烯合成具有不同结构的共聚物的进展。全面综述了EVP或其衍生物的均聚和共聚方面取得的成就，同时还讨论了所得共聚物的后改性以获得新的聚合物。同时，还讨论了所得共聚物的潜在应用。文献参考文献根据聚合策略和机制进行了分类，有助于读者全面了解当前的化学前景，并启发合成新型CO ₂衍生共聚物的创新方法。