Despite advancements in treatment protocols, cancer is one of the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to identify newer and personalized therapeutic targets along with screening technologies to combat cancer. With the advent of pan-omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, the scientific community has witnessed an improved molecular and metabolomic understanding of various diseases, including cancer. In addition, three-dimensional (3-D) disease models have been efficiently utilized for understanding disease pathophysiology and as screening tools in drug discovery. An integrated approach utilizing pan-omics technologies and 3-D in vitro tumor models has led to improved understanding of the intricate network encompassing various signalling pathways and molecular cross-talk in solid tumors. In the present review, we underscore the current trends in omics technologies and highlight their role in understanding genotypic-phenotypic co-relation in cancer with respect to 3-D in vitro tumor models. We further discuss the challenges associated with omics technologies and provide our outlook on the future applications of these technologies in drug discovery and precision medicine for improved management of cancer.

中文翻译：

---

泛组学技术与三维体外肿瘤模型的整合：药物发现和精准医学的方法

尽管治疗方案取得了进步，癌症仍然是全世界死亡的主要原因之一。因此，需要确定更新的个性化治疗靶点以及筛查技术来对抗癌症。随着基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学和脂质组学等泛组学技术的出现，科学界对包括癌症在内的各种疾病的分子和代谢组学了解不断加深。此外，三维 (3-D) 疾病模型已被有效地用于理解疾病病理生理学并作为药物发现的筛选工具。利用泛组学技术和 3D 体外肿瘤模型的综合方法提高了对实体瘤中包含各种信号通路和分子串扰的复杂网络的理解。在本综述中，我们强调了组学技术的当前趋势，并强调了它们在理解癌症中 3D 体外肿瘤模型的基因型-表型相关性方面的作用。我们进一步讨论了与组学技术相关的挑战，并对这些技术在药物发现和精准医学中的未来应用以改善癌症管理提供了展望。