Zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) have been widely considered as promising candidates for flexible electrochemical energy storage devices. The key challenge is to develop hydrogel electrolytes with high hydrophilicity, anti-freezing, bending resistance, and stable interface with electrodes. This study reported a hydrogel electrolyte system that can meet the above functions, in which the zincophilic and negatively charged SO, migratable Na, abundant hydrophilic functional groups, gum xanthan, and porous architecture could effectively promote the electrochemical performance of ZHSCs. ZHSCs with such hydrogel electrolytes not only exhibited good low-temperature performance but also showed excellent bending resistance ability. A high specific capacitance could be kept after a long air-working lifespan over 10,000 cycles under a wide operation voltage of 1.85 V at −10 °C. Furthermore, flexible ZHSCs could maintain the capacitance retention of 93.18% even after continuous 500 bends at an angle of 180°. The designed hydrogel electrolytes could be also used for other electrochemical energy storage devices with anti-freezing and bending resistance by changing electrolyte salt.

中文翻译：

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用于抗冻抗弯锌离子混合超级电容器的亲水性聚阴离子水凝胶电解质

锌离子混合超级电容器（ZHSC）被广泛认为是柔性电化学储能设备的有前途的候选者。关键挑战是开发具有高亲水性、抗冻性、抗弯曲性以及与电极界面稳定的水凝胶电解质。本研究报道了一种能够满足上述功能的水凝胶电解质体系，其中亲锌且带负电的SO、可迁移的Na、丰富的亲水官能团、胶黄原胶和多孔结构可以有效提高ZHSC的电化学性能。具有这种水凝胶电解质的ZHSC不仅表现出良好的低温性能，而且表现出优异的抗弯曲能力。在-10℃、1.85V的宽工作电压下，在空气中工作寿命超过10,000次后仍能保持高比电容。此外，柔性ZHSC即使在180°角连续弯曲500次后仍能保持93.18%的电容保持率。通过改变电解质盐，设计的水凝胶电解质还可以用于其他具有抗冻和抗弯曲性能的电化学储能装置。