Independent decision making requires forming stable estimates of one's preferences. We assessed whether adolescents learn about their preferences through choice deliberation and whether depressive symptoms disrupt this process. Adolescents aged 11–18 (N = 214; participated 2021–22; Female: 53.9%; White/Black/Asian/Mixed/Arab or Latin American: 26/21/19/9/8%) rated multiple activities, chose between pairs of activities and re‐rated those activities. As expected, overall, participants uprated chosen and downrated unchosen activities (dz = .20). This value refinement through choice was not evident in younger participants but emerged across adolescence. Contrary to our predictions, depressive symptoms were associated with greater value refinement. Despite this, more depressed adolescents reported lower value certainty and choice confidence. The cognitive processes through which choice deliberation shapes preference develop over adolescence, and are disrupted in depression.

中文翻译：

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青少年是否通过选择来了解自己的偏好？青春期价值观细化的发展及其与抑郁症状的关系

独立决策需要对自己的偏好形成稳定的估计。我们评估了青少年是否通过选择深思熟虑了解自己的偏好，以及抑郁症状是否会扰乱这一过程。11-18岁青少年（氮= 214；参加了 2021-22 年；女性：53.9%；白人/黑人/亚洲人/混血/阿拉伯人或拉丁美洲人：26/21/19/9/8%）对多项活动进行了评分，在成对的活动之间进行选择并重新评估这些活动。正如预期的那样，总体而言，参与者对选定的活动进行了上调，对未选择的活动进行了下调（dz= .20）。这种通过选择实现的价值提炼在年轻参与者中并不明显，但在整个青春期都出现了。与我们的预测相反，抑郁症状与更大的价值细化相关。尽管如此，抑郁程度较高的青少年的价值确定性和选择信心较低。选择深思熟虑塑造偏好的认知过程在青春期开始发展，并在抑郁症中被破坏。