Simple shear presents a local material structure–property relationship and plays an important role in the development of material design, mechanical modeling, and manufacturing processes for sheet metals. Simple shear tests are extensively adopted to reveal the stress-state-dependent mechanisms of material microstructure evolution with their corresponding mechanical properties, to develop sophisticated constitutive models capturing complex mechanical behaviors, and to precisely characterize the failure limits for shear-dominated or large-strain deformation processes. Thus, the simple shear methodology including specimen geometry, fixing and loading device, data acquisition and the set of procedures for results analysis, has become a topic of growing interest because of its various distinctive capacities. Over the years, several simple shear analyses and test methods have been proposed without a unified understanding. Interpreting the experimental results can be confusing due to the complexity of finite deformation, variety of boundary conditions in practice, and complexity of the mechanical behavior of materials; however, neither a widely accepted protocol nor a systematic overview of this topic exists. To fill this gap, the present study attempts to provide a comprehensive review of the simple shear methodology for sheet metals, which will serve as a reference for summarizing substantial efforts to improve the understanding and gain valuable scientific insight, a guideline to discover local structure–property relationships of materials, and a solid step for shedding light on its standardization. In this paper, the motivation for the development of a simple shear methodology is first discussed, and the recent progress in experimental mechanics and experimental technologies is summarized. Its application in understanding the mechanical behaviors (hardening, yielding, and ductile fracture) is focused on, and the structure–property relationships revealed by simple shear are further highlighted. The challenges and prospects for future research are discussed. The principles, methodologies, and perspectives provided are highly relevant and are expected to benefit emerging areas such as heterostructured materials, micro/nanoscale mechanical testing, nonlocal plasticity, and additive manufacturing (AM).

中文翻译：

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用于钣金局部结构-性能关系的简单剪切方法：最新技术和未解决的问题

简单剪切呈现局部材料结构-性能关系，在金属板材的材料设计、机械建模和制造工艺的开发中发挥着重要作用。简单的剪切试验被广泛采用来揭示材料微观结构演化的应力状态相关机制及其相应的机械性能，开发捕获复杂机械行为的复杂本构模型，并精确表征剪切主导或大应变的失效极限变形过程。因此，简单的剪切方法，包括样本几何形状、固定和加载装置、数据采集和结果分析程序集，由于其各种独特的能力而成为人们日益关注的话题。多年来，人们提出了几种简单的剪切分析和测试方法，但没有形成统一的认识。由于有限变形的复杂性、实际边界条件的多样性以及材料力学行为的复杂性，对实验结果的解释可能会令人困惑；然而，既没有广泛接受的协议，也没有对该主题的系统概述。为了填补这一空白，本研究试图对金属板材的简单剪切方法进行全面回顾，这将作为总结大量努力的参考，以提高理解并获得有价值的科学见解，为发现局部结构提供指导。材料的属性关系，并为阐明其标准化迈出了坚实的一步。本文首先讨论了简单剪切方法发展的动机，并总结了实验力学和实验技术的最新进展。重点关注其在理解机械行为（硬化、屈服和延性断裂）方面的应用，并进一步强调简单剪切揭示的结构-性能关系。讨论了未来研究的挑战和前景。所提供的原理、方法和观点高度相关，预计将有利于异质结构材料、微/纳米机械测试、非局域可塑性和增材制造 (AM) 等新兴领域。