The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), renowned as the dominant sea surface temperature (SST) fluctuation in the North Pacific and extensively scrutinized for its extensive influence on global climate patterns, stands in stark contrast to the Victoria mode (VM). Traditionally, the VM, representing the second most prominent SST pattern in the North Pacific, has not garnered comparable attention. However, our investigation unveils a remarkable surge in the low-frequency VM variability, spanning periods greater than 8 years, over the course of a century. Astonishingly, this enhanced VM variability now surpasses the PDO’s variability in recent decades, signifying a notable shift. Consequently, the heightened VM variability assumes newfound significance in shaping climate systems across the entire North Pacific region and in distant locales. This intensified VM behavior could be attributed to amplified atmospheric variability in the Hawaiian region, primarily stemming from the reinforced variability in the tropical central Pacific (CP) SST in recent decades. As greenhouse warming escalates CP SST variability, the VM’s enhanced variability may further intensify, yielding broader and more profound repercussions in the future.

太平洋十年涛动（PDO）以北太平洋主导海面温度（SST）波动而闻名，并因其对全球气候模式的广泛影响而受到广泛关注，与维多利亚模式（VM）形成鲜明对比。传统上，代表北太平洋第二显着海温模式的 VM 并未引起类似的关注。然而，我们的调查揭示了低频 VM 变异性的显着激增，跨度超过 8 年，跨越一个世纪。令人惊讶的是，这种增强的 VM 变异性现在超过了近几十年来 PDO 的变异性，这标志着一个显着的转变。因此，VM 变异性的增强对于塑造整个北太平洋地区和遥远地区的气候系统具有新的意义。这种增强的VM行为可能归因于夏威夷地区大气变率的放大，这主要源于近几十年来热带中太平洋（CP）海温变率的增强。随着温室变暖加剧中部海表温度的变异性，VM 增强的变异性可能会进一步加剧，从而在未来产生更广泛、更深远的影响。