The past decade has witnessed significant advances in the systemic treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the newly developed treatment strategies have not achieved universal success and HCC patients frequently exhibit therapeutic resistance to these therapies. Precision treatment represents a paradigm shift in cancer treatment in recent years. This approach utilizes the unique molecular characteristics of individual patient to personalize treatment modalities, aiming to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. Although precision treatment has shown significant success in multiple cancer types, its application in HCC remains in its infancy. In this review, we discuss key aspects of precision treatment in HCC, including therapeutic biomarkers, molecular classifications, and the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment. We also propose future directions, ranging from revolutionizing current treatment methodologies to personalizing therapy through functional assays, which will accelerate the next phase of advancements in this area.

中文翻译：

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晚期肝细胞癌的精准治疗

过去十年见证了晚期肝细胞癌（HCC）的系统治疗取得了重大进展。然而，新开发的治疗策略尚未取得普遍成功，HCC 患者经常表现出对这些疗法的治疗耐药性。精准治疗代表了近年来癌症治疗的范式转变。这种方法利用个体患者独特的分子特征来个性化治疗方式，旨在最大限度地提高治疗效果，同时最大限度地减少副作用。尽管精准治疗在多种癌症类型中取得了显着成功，但其在 HCC 中的应用仍处于起步阶段。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 HCC 精准治疗的关键方面，包括治疗生物标志物、分子分类和肿瘤微环境的异质性。我们还提出了未来的方向，从彻底改变当前的治疗方法到通过功能测定进行个性化治疗，这将加速该领域下一阶段的进展。