Burn injuries can be devastating, with life-long impacts including an increased risk of hospitalization for a wide range of secondary morbidities. One area that remains not fully understood is the impact of burn trauma on the central nervous system (CNS). This review will outline the current findings on the physiological impact that burns have on the CNS and how this may contribute to the development of neural comorbidities including mental health conditions. This review highlights the damaging effects caused by burn injuries on the CNS, characterized by changes to metabolism, molecular damage to cells and their organelles, and disturbance to sensory, motor and cognitive functions in the CNS. This damage is likely initiated by the inflammatory response that accompanies burn injury, and it is often long-lasting. Treatments used to relieve the symptoms of damage to the CNS due to burn injury often target inflammatory pathways. However, there are non-invasive treatments for burn patients that target the functional and cognitive damage caused by the burn, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and virtual reality. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms that underpin the impact of a burn injury on the CNS, burn severity thresholds required to inflict damage to the CNS, and acute and long-term therapies to ameliorate deleterious CNS changes after a burn.

中文翻译：

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烧伤对中枢神经系统的影响

烧伤可能是毁灭性的，会产生终生影响，包括增加因各种继发性疾病住院的风险。目前尚未完全了解的一个领域是烧伤创伤对中枢神经系统 (CNS) 的影响。这篇综述将概述烧伤对中枢神经系统生理影响的最新发现，以及这如何导致神经合并症（包括心理健康状况）的发展。这篇综述强调了烧伤对中枢神经系统造成的破坏性影响，其特点是新陈代谢的改变、细胞及其细胞器的分子损伤，以及中枢神经系统感觉、运动和认知功能的干扰。这种损害可能是由烧伤伴随的炎症反应引起的，并且通常是持久的。用于缓解烧伤引起的中枢神经系统损伤症状的治疗通常针对炎症途径。然而，针对烧伤患者的功能和认知损伤，有一些非侵入性治疗方法，包括经颅磁刺激和虚拟现实。未来的研究应侧重于了解烧伤对中枢神经系统影响的机制、对中枢神经系统造成损害所需的烧伤严重程度阈值，以及改善烧伤后中枢神经系统有害变化的急性和长期治疗。