Contradiction between ultrafast nucleation and deposition rates of lithium (Li) crystals at high rate and heterogeneity of Li flux resulting from concentration polarization has compromised the performance of Li metal anodes especially at high areal capacity and current density. Here, multifunctional protective layer consisting of MoO nanobelt films (MoO-NF) is introduced on the surface of Li by a simple rolling method. The strong binding energy between Li and MoO guides the homogeneous nucleation and deposition of Li, while the nanobelt networks provide effective ion channels for uniform distribution of the Li flux. Because of the novel multifunctional protective layer, the MoO-NF@Li anodes demonstrate a remarkable stability for 800 h with ultralow overpotential of 159 mV at extreme harsh conditions of 60 mA·h/cm and 60 mA/cm. MoO-NF@Li||LiNiCoMnO full-cells can run 100 cycles with a superior capacity retention of 84.2% under practical test conditions, demonstrating great potential for high output and energy-density metal batteries.

中文翻译：

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具有离子通道和感应效应的60 mA·h/cm2和60 mA/cm2稳定锂金属负极的保护层

锂（Li）晶体高速成核和沉积速率之间的矛盾，以及浓差极化导致的锂通量的不均匀性，损害了锂金属负极的性能，尤其是在高面积容量和电流密度下。这里，通过简单的滚压方法在Li表面引入由MoO纳米带膜（MoO-NF）组成的多功能保护层。 Li和MoO之间的强结合能引导Li的均匀成核和沉积，而纳米带网络为Li通量的均匀分布提供了有效的离子通道。由于具有新颖的多功能保护层，MoO-NF@Li负极在60 mA·h/cm和60 mA/cm的极端恶劣条件下表现出800小时的卓越稳定性和159 mV的超低过电势。 MoO-NF@Li||LiNiCoMnO全电池在实际测试条件下可以运行100次循环，容量保持率高达84.2%，展现出高输出和能量密度金属电池的巨大潜力。