Ionic liquids (ILs) are nonvolatile, intrinsically conductive electrolytes with high thermal and electrochemical stability. They represent a fascinating yet-to-be-fully exploited electrolyte class that could be appropriate for metal anode batteries. Through their chemical design and structure modification, ILs are highly tunable electrolytes. Exploring the impact of their different structures on the anode/electrolyte interface allows the tailoring of ILs for post-Li-ion batteries. This comprehensive review gives an overview of the current challenges of different metal anodes, followed by a fundamental understanding of metal anode/electrolyte interface evolution in ILs in a coherent manner, highlighting the potential of ILs to address the specific problems of each type of metal anode. Electrochemical reactions—such as passivating film formation, metal deposition/stripping, dendritic growth—occurring at the metal anodes in IL-based electrolytes are openly debated, and how ILs can help to improve these phenomena is presented. Unanswered scientific questions on the nature of electrode/electrolyte coupling are identified. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are proposed regarding the development, limitations, and opportunities of metal anode/ionic liquid interfaces. This timely review will expose literature gaps and provide novel opportunities to exploit ILs in materials science and technology research.

中文翻译：

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金属阳极遇到离子液体：界面视角

离子液体 (IL) 是非挥发性、本质导电电解质，具有高热稳定性和电化学稳定性。它们代表了一种令人着迷的尚未充分开发的电解质类别，可能适用于金属阳极电池。通过化学设计和结构修饰，离子液体成为高度可调的电解质。探索其不同结构对阳极/电解质界面的影响，可以为后锂离子电池定制离子液体。这篇全面的综述概述了不同金属阳极当前面临的挑战，然后以连贯的方式对离子液体中金属阳极/电解质界面演变的基本了解，强调了离子液体解决每种类型金属阳极具体问题的潜力。人们对基于离子液体的电解质中金属阳极发生的电化学反应（例如钝化膜形成、金属沉积/剥离、枝晶生长）进行了公开争论，并介绍了离子液体如何帮助改善这些现象。确定了有关电极/电解质耦合性质的未解答的科学问题。最后，提出了关于金属阳极/离子液体界面的发展、局限性和机遇的结论和观点。这次及时的回顾将揭示文献空白，并为在材料科学和技术研究中利用 IL 提供新的机会。