Blood-retinal barrier (BRB) disruption is a common accompaniment of intermediate, posterior and panuveitis causing leakage into the retina and macular oedema resulting in vision loss. It is much less common in anterior uveitis or in patients with intraocular lymphoma who may have marked signs of intraocular inflammation. New drugs used for chemotherapy (cytarabine, immune checkpoint inhibitors, BRAF inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, bispecific anti-EGFR inhibitors, MET receptor inhibitors and Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors) can also cause different types of uveitis and BRB disruption. As malignant disease itself can cause uveitis, particularly from breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract cancers, it can be clinically difficult to sort out the cause of BRB disruption. Immunosuppression due to malignant disease and/or chemotherapy can lead to infection which can also cause BRB disruption and intraocular infection.

中文翻译：

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与眼内炎症和恶性肿瘤相关的血视网膜屏障破坏机制

血视网膜屏障 (BRB) 破坏是中间葡萄膜炎、后葡萄膜炎和全葡萄膜炎的常见症状，会导致渗漏到视网膜和黄斑水肿，从而导致视力丧失。在前葡萄膜炎或可能有明显眼内炎症迹象的眼内淋巴瘤患者中，这种情况要少见得多。用于化疗的新药（阿糖胞苷、免疫检查点抑制剂、BRAF抑制剂、EGFR抑制剂、双特异性抗EGFR抑制剂、MET受体抑制剂和布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶抑制剂）也会引起不同类型的葡萄膜炎和BRB破坏。由于恶性疾病本身可引起葡萄膜炎，特别是乳腺癌、肺癌和胃肠道癌症，因此临床上很难找出 BRB 破坏的原因。恶性疾病和/或化疗引起的免疫抑制可能导致感染，进而导致 BRB 破坏和眼内感染。