This paper aims to link the issue of left-behind places with spatial inequalities and demonstrate how, in these places, different territorial identities have contributed to responding to external shocks. By applying principal component and cluster analyses to a set of Italian mountain municipalities, we identified different typologies of these left-behind places as of the early 1950s and examined how they reacted to external shocks in two subsequent periods (1951–1981 and 1981–2011). The results suggest the changing importance of the cognitive, cultural and relational domains in coping with the different phases of Italian economic development.

中文翻译：

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领土认同和留守之地：从时间角度看意大利中部亚平宁山脉的证据

本文旨在将留守地区问题与空间不平等联系起来，并论证在这些地区，不同的领土身份如何有助于应对外部冲击。通过对一组意大利山区城市应用主成分分析和聚类分析，我们确定了 20 世纪 50 年代初这些落后地区的不同类型，并研究了它们在随后的两个时期（1951-1981 年和 1981-2011 年）对外部冲击的反应。 ）。结果表明，在应对意大利经济发展的不同阶段时，认知、文化和关系领域的重要性正在发生变化。