Workplace violence encompasses physical violence, verbal abuse, sexual harassment, bullying, and threatening behaviors. Reviews indicate that it is widely prevalent among healthcare professionals, but there is a lack of well-designed reviews specifically focusing on nursing students. This review aimed to synthesize the global prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence against nursing students, and prevalence estimates based on the different types of violence and perpetrators. A three-step search strategy included studies since inception from six electronic databases. Studies meeting eligibility criteria were included. Meta-analyses, subgroup, and meta-regression analyses were used to synthesize pooled prevalence rates. Thirty studies involving 10,955 nursing students were included. This review revealed that 55.1 % of nursing students have encountered workplace violence. Nursing undergraduates exhibited a significantly higher prevalence rate compared to a mixed group of undergraduates with diverse nursing or student profiles. Verbal abuse (53.3 %) and bullying (43.6 %) emerged as the most widespread forms of workplace violence, with nurses (24.2 %) and patients (22.8 %) being the most frequent perpetrators. This study suggests that academic and healthcare organizations develop stringent policies to combat workplace violence against nursing students. Future research may also focus on workplace violence risk factors and their long-term impacts on nursing students.

中文翻译：

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全球护理生工作场所暴力发生率及相关因素：系统评价、荟萃分析和荟萃回归

工作场所暴力包括身体暴力、言语虐待、性骚扰、欺凌和威胁行为。评论表明，它在医疗保健专业人员中广泛流行，但缺乏专门针对护理学生的精心设计的评论。本综述旨在综合全球针对护生的工作场所暴力发生率和相关因素，以及基于不同类型的暴力和施暴者的发生率估计。三步检索策略包括自六个电子数据库成立以来的研究。符合资格标准的研究被纳入。采用荟萃分析、亚组和荟萃回归分析来综合汇总患病率。纳入了 30 项研究，涉及 10,955 名护理学生。此次审查显示，55.1%的护生遭遇过工作场所暴力。与具有不同护理或学生背景的混合本科生群体相比，护理本科生的患病率明显更高。言语虐待（53.3%）和欺凌（43.6%）成为最普遍的工作场所暴力形式，其中护士（24.2%）和患者（22.8%）是最常见的施暴者。这项研究建议学术和医疗机构制定严格的政策来打击针对护生的工作场所暴力行为。未来的研究还可能集中于工作场所暴力风险因素及其对护生的长期影响。