Objective To determine the health benefits and harms of various ingredients in Christmas desserts from The Great British Bake Off. Design Umbrella review of umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies. Data sources The Great British Bake Off website, Embase, Medline, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria Umbrella reviews of meta-analyses of observational studies evaluating the associations between Christmas dessert ingredients and the risk of death or disease. Main outcome measures Proportion of protective and harmful summary associations between ingredient groups from The Great British Bake Off Christmas dessert recipes and the risk of death or disease. Results 48 recipes for Christmas desserts (ie, cakes, biscuits, pastries, and puddings and desserts) were provided on The Great British Bake Off website with 178 unique ingredients that were collapsed into 17 overarching ingredient groups. A literature search identified 7008 titles and abstracts, of which 46 eligible umbrella reviews reported 363 unique summary associations between the ingredient groups and risk of death or disease. Of these summary associations, 149 (41%) were significant, including 110 (74%) that estimated that the ingredient groups reduced the risk of death or disease and 39 (26%) that increased the risk. The most common ingredient groups associated with a reduced risk of death or disease were fruit (44/110, 40%), coffee (17/110, 16%), and nuts (14/110, 13%), whereas alcohol (20/39, 51%) and sugar (5/39, 13%) were the most common ingredient groups associated with increased risk of death or disease. Conclusions Recipes for Christmas desserts from The Great British Bake Off often use ingredient groups that are associated with reductions, rather than increases, in the risk of death or disease. This Christmas, if concerns about the limitations of observational nutrition research are set aside, you can have your cake and eat it too. The dataset will be made available via a publicly accessible repository on publication.

中文翻译：

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英国烘焙大赛食谱中圣诞甜点成分的健康益处和危害关联：观察性研究荟萃分析的伞式审查

目的 确定英国烘焙大赛圣诞甜点中各种成分的健康益处和危害。设计观察性研究荟萃分析的伞式综述。数据来源 Great Britain Bake Off 网站、Embase、Medline 和 Scopus。纳入标准对观察性研究的荟萃分析进行总体回顾，评估圣诞甜点成分与死亡或疾病风险之间的关联。主要结果衡量英国烘焙圣诞甜点食谱中的成分组与死亡或疾病风险之间的保护性和有害性总结关联的比例。结果 The Great Britain Bake Off 网站上提供了 48 种圣诞甜点（即蛋糕、饼干、糕点、布丁和甜点）食谱，其中包含 178 种独特成分，可分为 17 个主要成分组。文献检索确定了 7008 篇标题和摘要，其中 46 篇符合条件的总体评论报告了成分组与死亡或疾病风险之间的 363 条独特的总结关联。在这些汇总关联中，149 个 (41%) 是显着的，其中 110 个 (74%) 估计成分组降低了死亡或疾病风险，39 个 (26%) 估计增加了风险。与降低死亡或疾病风险相关的最常见成分组是水果（44/110，40%）、咖啡（17/110，16%）和坚果（14/110，13%），而酒精（20 /39, 51%）和糖（5/39, 13%）是与死亡或疾病风险增加相关的最常见成分组。结论 英国烘焙大赛的圣诞甜点食谱经常使用与减少而不是增加死亡或疾病风险相关的成分组。今年圣诞节，如果抛开对观察营养研究局限性的担忧，你可以鱼与熊掌兼得。该数据集将在发布时通过可公开访问的存储库提供。