Traffic caused by drivers searching for a free parking space has numerous negative effects, such as increased emissions and noise pollution. Innovative solutions can reduce these negative effects by providing car drivers with better information via a smart parking app. However, smart parking apps currently do not offer overarching solutions which support the entire parking process. Utilizing a service-dominant logic perspective, we examine why such overarching solutions do not emerge, whereas specialized ecosystems flourish. We follow a multiple case study approach and conduct qualitative interviews with three app providers and fourteen associated parking operators in Germany. Our results show how conflicting institutional arrangements at the micro, meso, and macro context levels lead to specialization. Our study deepens the understanding of how conflicting institutional arrangements affect the emergence of service ecosystems, drawing practical recommendations to overcome specialized smart parking apps in favor of overarching solutions.

司机寻找免费停车位造成的交通拥堵会带来许多负面影响，例如排放增加和噪音污染。创新的解决方案可以通过智能停车应用程序为汽车驾驶员提供更好的信息，从而减少这些负面影响。然而，智能停车应用目前并没有提供支持整个停车过程的总体解决方案。利用服务主导的逻辑视角，我们研究了为什么这样的总体解决方案没有出现，而专业的生态系统却蓬勃发展。我们采用多案例研究方法，对德国的三个应用程序提供商和十四个相关停车运营商进行定性访谈。我们的结果表明，微观、中观和宏观背景层面上相互冲突的制度安排如何导致专业化。我们的研究加深了对相互冲突的制度安排如何影响服务生态系统的出现的理解，提出了实用的建议来克服专门的智能停车应用程序，转而采用总体解决方案。