In late February 2022, the Russian invasion of Ukraine set-off a tide of refugees heading west. The paper discusses the scale of the refugee flow into Poland, its distribution patterns and its influence on existing demographic structures (both captured at a local LAU 1 scale). By studying refugee flows at three time-points, the study, on the one hand, offers a dynamic analysis and, on the other, identifies the spatial patterns behind the movements of the successive waves of refugees. Unexpected wave of recent immigration is likely to strengthen the demographic and settlement processes observable in Poland. The above pertains to both the overall concentration in major metropolitan areas, as well as to suburbanisation processes. The areas with the highest depopulation (eastern Poland) have recorded a relatively low influx of refugees. This implies that it cannot be expected that the immigration may be of a compensatory nature and that it will be helpful in making up for structural population losses in such areas.

中文翻译：

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波兰的乌克兰难民——空间分布的差异及其对人口结构的影响

2022年2月下旬，俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，引发难民西进潮。本文讨论了流入波兰的难民规模、其分布模式及其对现有人口结构的影响（均以当地 LAU 1 规模衡量）。通过研究三个时间点的难民流动，该研究一方面提供了动态分析，另一方面识别了连续一波难民流动背后的空间模式。最近意想不到的移民浪潮可能会加强波兰的人口和定居进程。上述内容既涉及主要大都市区的总体集中，也涉及郊区化进程。人口减少最多的地区（波兰东部）的难民涌入量相对较低。这意味着不能指望移民具有补偿性，有助于弥补这些地区的结构性人口流失。