The concept of Strategic Action Fields (SAF) is combined with analysis of institutional work to investigate the tactics actors adopt to support or deter policy for integrated local energy systems. Integrating heat, power, and mobility systems at local or regional scale would entail highly significant changes in energy systems yet is an area of increasing policy interest. We explore how this field is being constituted differently across the devolved jurisdictions of Great Britain, but faces similar challenges. The obduracy of legacy centralised institutions is a powerful force in blocking new sustainable energy SAFs, with Government retaining significant countervailing power. Additionally we demonstrate how overlaps between policy domains can obstruct the formation of new rule structures; notably emerging local energy planning rules are constrained by wider limitations in devolved governance powers. These findings raise questions about whether net zero can happen, and in what form, under current multi-level governance structures.

战略行动领域（SAF）的概念与机构工作分析相结合，以调查参与者为支持或阻止综合地方能源系统政策而采取的策略。在地方或区域范围内整合供热、电力和交通系统将给能源系统带来重大变化，但这也是一个日益受到政策关注的领域。我们探讨了英国各权力下放司法管辖区如何以不同的方式构成这一领域，但面临着类似的挑战。传统中央机构的顽固性是阻碍新的可持续能源 SAF 的强大力量，而政府保留了重要的反制力量。此外，我们还展示了政策领域之间的重叠如何阻碍新规则结构的形成；值得注意的是，新兴的地方能源规划规则受到下放治理权力更广泛的限制。这些发现提出了在当前的多层次治理结构下是否可以实现净零排放以及以何种形式实现的问题。