Adolescents experiencing cyberbullying attacks (i.e., cyber-victims) can suffer severe psychological harm (e.g., suicide). To combat cyberbullying, people can defend the cyber-victims (cyber-defending). Unlike past studies, we proposed a comprehensive theoretical model of cyber-defending that includes socio-emotional aspects, beliefs, and past bullying experiences (as a bully, victim, and/or witness; face-to-face vs. online). We then empirically tested it among 817 students across seven secondary schools using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results revealed that participants with higher social competence, depression, affective empathy, or stronger pro-victim beliefs reported more cyber-defending. Furthermore, beliefs and past experiences mediated the relationships between socio-emotional factors and cyber-defending. These findings help build a theory of cyber-defending, provide practical implications, and offer future directions for promoting cyber-defending, which will ultimately reduce cyberbullying.

中文翻译：

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青少年针对网络欺凌的网络防御：社会情感、信念和过去的经验模型。

遭受网络欺凌攻击的青少年（即网络受害者）可能会遭受严重的心理伤害（例如自杀）。为了打击网络欺凌，人们可以保护网络受害者（网络防御）。与过去的研究不同，我们提出了一个全面的网络防御理论模型，包括社会情感方面、信仰和过去的欺凌经历（作为欺凌者、受害者和/或证人；面对面与在线）。然后，我们使用结构方程模型 (SEM) 在 7 所中学的 817 名学生中进行了实证测试。结果显示，具有较高社交能力、抑郁症、情感同理心或较强的亲受害者信念的参与者报告了更多的网络防御。此外，信仰和过去的经历调节了社会情感因素与网络防御之间的关系。这些发现有助于建立网络防御理论，提供实际意义，并为促进网络防御提供未来方向，最终减少网络欺凌。