As society has come to rely on groups and technology to address many of its most challenging problems, there is a growing need to understand how technology-enabled, distributed, and dynamic collectives can be designed to solve a wide range of problems over time in the face of complex and changing environmental conditions-an ability we define as "collective intelligence." We describe recent research on the Transaction Systems Model of Collective Intelligence (TSM-CI) that integrates literature from diverse areas of psychology to conceptualize the underpinnings of collective intelligence. The TSM-CI articulates the development and mutual adaptation of transactive memory, transactive attention, and transactive reasoning systems that together support the emergence and maintenance of collective intelligence. We also review related research on computational indicators of transactive-system functioning based on collaborative process behaviors that enable agent-based teammates to diagnose and potentially intervene to address developing issues. We conclude by discussing future directions in developing the TSM-CI to support research on developing collective human-machine intelligence and to identify ways to design technology to enhance it.

中文翻译：

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了解集体智慧：研究集体记忆、注意力和推理过程的作用。

随着社会开始依赖群体和技术来解决许多最具挑战性的问题，人们越来越需要了解如何设计技术驱动的、分布式的、动态的集体来解决随着时间的推移而出现的各种问题。面对复杂多变的环境条件——我们将这种能力定义为“集体智慧”。我们描述了集体智慧交易系统模型（TSM-CI）的最新研究，该模型整合了心理学不同领域的文献，以概念化集体智慧的基础。TSM-CI 阐明了交互记忆、交互注意和交互推理系统的发展和相互适应，这些系统共同支持集体智慧的出现和维护。我们还回顾了基于协作过程行为的交互系统功能计算指标的相关研究，这些行为使基于代理的团队成员能够诊断并可能进行干预以解决正在出现的问题。最后，我们讨论了开发 TSM-CI 的未来方向，以支持开发集体人机智能的研究，并确定设计技术来增强它的方法。