School achievement has long-term consequences for occupational success, mental health, and overall psychological adjustment. The present study examined the association between temperament trajectories from late childhood through adolescence and academic outcomes during late adolescence and young adulthood. Data come from the California Families Project, a longitudinal study of 674 Mexican-origin youth assessed 12 times from Age 10 to 23, and from school records. Results from latent growth curve models indicate that higher levels of Effortful Control (EC) at Age 10 were associated with better academic achievement (i.e., higher high school grade point average and test scores, greater likelihood of high school graduation and college attendance) in late adolescence and young adulthood. Higher levels of Negative Emotionality (NEM) at Age 10 were associated with worse academic achievement, but this effect did not hold for all facets of NEM. Neither the levels nor slopes of Positive Emotionality (Surgency, Affiliation) consistently predicted school achievement. There were no main effects of the EC or NEM slopes; however, statistically significant interactions between these slopes and parental monitoring emerged. When parental monitoring was low, youth who experienced greater increases in EC (vs. flat or decreasing slopes) had better academic achievement, and youth who experienced greater increases in NEM had worse academic achievement; in contrast, when parents closely monitored their children, changes in EC and NEM were only weakly associated with achievement. Overall, these findings demonstrate that temperament in late childhood, and changes in temperament across adolescence, have important prospective effects on academic achievement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

从童年晚期到青春期的气质轨迹是否预示着在学校的成功？对墨西哥裔青年的纵向研究结果。

学业成绩对职业成功、心理健康和整体心理调整具有长期影响。本研究探讨了从童年晚期到青春期的气质轨迹与青春期晚期和成年早期学业成绩之间的关联。数据来自加州家庭项目，该项目对 674 名墨西哥裔青少年进行了一项纵向研究，从 10 岁到 23 岁进行了 12 次评估，数据来自学校记录。潜在生长曲线模型的结果表明，10 岁时较高水平的努力控制 (EC) 与后期较好的学业成绩（即较高的高中平均绩点和考试成绩、较高的高中毕业和大学入学可能性）相关。青春期和青年期。10 岁时负面情绪 (NEM) 水平较高与学业成绩较差相关，但这种效应并不适用于 NEM 的所有方面。积极情绪（紧迫感、归属感）的水平和斜率都不能一致地预测学校成绩。EC 或 NEM 斜率没有主要影响；然而，这些斜率和家长监控之间出现了统计上显着的相互作用。当父母监控较低时，EC 增加较多（相对于平坦或下降斜率）的青少年学业成绩较好，而 NEM 增加较多的青少年学业成绩较差；相反，当父母密切监控孩子时，EC 和 NEM 的变化与成绩的相关性微弱。总体而言，这些发现表明，童年晚期的气质以及青春期气质的变化对学业成绩具有重要的前瞻性影响。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。