Exposures to inaccurate information can lead people to become confused about what is true, to doubt their understandings, and to rely on the ideas later. Recent work has begun to investigate the role of metacognition in these effects. We review research foregrounding confidence as an exemplar metacognitive contributor to misinformation experiences. Miscalibrations between confidence about what one knows, and the actual knowledge one possesses, can help explain why people might hold fast to misinformed beliefs even in the face of counterevidence. Miscalibrations can also emerge after brief exposures to new misinformation, allowing even obvious inaccuracies to influence subsequent performance. Evidence additionally suggests confidence may present a useful target for intervention, helping to encourage careful evaluation under the right conditions.

接触不准确的信息可能会导致人们对真相感到困惑，怀疑自己的理解，并在以后依赖这些想法。最近的工作已经开始研究元认知在这些影响中的作用。我们回顾了将信心作为错误信息体验的元认知贡献者范例的研究。对自己所知道的事情的信心与自己所拥有的实际知识之间的错误校准可以帮助解释为什么人们即使面对反证据也可能坚持错误的信念。在短暂接触新的错误信息后，也可能会出现错误校准，甚至明显的错误也会影响随后的表现。证据还表明，信心可能是干预的有用目标，有助于鼓励在适当的条件下进行仔细评估。