There is an increased interest in the interplay among diet, gut microbiota and health. Studies have often investigated the influence of diets, foods and dietary components on gut microbiota or whether microbiota can modify the effect of dietary interventions and the role of such modifications on health outcomes.1 This has been fueled by promising results emerging from large landmark studies pinpointing the role of gut microbiota as an important determinant for metabolic responses and from an improved understanding of how gut microbiota affect metabolism and how it mediate effects through generation of metabolites.1–3 The faecal metabolome has shown to explain up to 60% variability in gut microbial composition, some of them are key mediators of physiological effects directly produced or modified by gut microbiota such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides and trimethylamine N-oxide.3 The concentrations of these compounds are determined by the interaction between specific microbiota functionalities and diet components.2 3 Indolepropionate (IPA), a microbial metabolite of the essential amino acid—tryptophan, represents a recent addition to the family of gut microbial metabolites that emerge from such interactions. Around 95% of tryptophan consumed is catabolised through the host kynurenine pathway in the liver and peripheral tissues, but a small, yet important, fraction is directly used by gut microbiota to produce indole and its derivatives, such as …

中文翻译：

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膳食纤维（和动物产品）调节色氨酸摄入量、肠道微生物群和 2 型糖尿病之间的关联：但如何调节呢？

人们对饮食、肠道微生物群和健康之间的相互作用越来越感兴趣。研究经常调查饮食、食物和膳食成分对肠道微生物群的影响，或者微生物群是否可以改变饮食干预的效果以及这种改变对健康结果的作用。1大型里程碑式研究中出现的有希望的结果推动了这一点，这些研究指出肠道微生物群作为代谢反应的重要决定因素的作用，以及对肠道微生物群如何影响新陈代谢以及它如何通过代谢物的产生介导影响的深入了解。1-3 粪便代谢组已证明可以解释肠道中高达 60% 的变异性微生物组成，其中一些是由肠道微生物群直接产生或改变的生理效应的关键介质，例如胆汁酸、短链脂肪酸、脂多糖和三甲胺 N-氧化物。3这些化合物的浓度由特定化合物之间的相互作用决定。微生物群功能和饮食成分。2 3 吲哚丙酸 (IPA) 是必需氨基酸色氨酸的微生物代谢产物，代表了肠道微生物代谢产物家族中的新成员，这种相互作用是由这种相互作用产生的。消耗的色氨酸中约 95% 是通过肝脏和外周组织中的宿主犬尿氨酸途径分解代谢的，但一小部分但很重要的部分直接被肠道微生物群用来产生吲哚及其衍生物，例如……