There is a large evidence base supporting an important role of parenting behavior in influencing youth mental health; however, this literature often fails to capture the potentially unique and interactive role of mothers and fathers. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the role of maternal and paternal parenting behaviors in relation to child and adolescent internalizing problems. Following PRISMA (2020) guidelines, 88 studies were identified. Of these, 47 studies and upward of 65 parent-behavior and child-outcome combinations were examined. Findings indicated a unique role of maternal overprotection in the prediction of child anxiety symptoms. For other parenting behaviors, largely similar associations were found for maternal and paternal parenting behaviors with child and adolescent anxiety, depressive symptoms and broader internalizing problems. There was preliminary support for the interaction of maternal and paternal parenting being important in predicting youth symptoms. Although findings did not strongly substantiate differences in the effects of maternal and paternal parenting practices, with only one significant difference identified, further research would benefit from stronger representation of fathers, to enable a more rigorous and comprehensive understanding of each parent's role, and their interactive influence on internalizing outcomes of their children.

有大量证据支持养育行为在影响青少年心理健康方面发挥重要作用；然而，这些文献往往未能捕捉到母亲和父亲潜在的独特和互动的角色。这项系统回顾和荟萃分析旨在调查母亲和父亲养育行为在儿童和青少年内化问题中的作用。根据 PRISMA (2020) 指南，确定了 88 项研究。其中，检查了 47 项研究以及 65 项以上的父母行为和儿童结果组合。研究结果表明，母亲的过度保护在预测儿童焦虑症状方面具有独特的作用。对于其他养育行为，发现母亲和父亲的养育行为与儿童和青少年焦虑、抑郁症状和更广泛的内化问题之间存在大致相似的关联。初步支持母亲和父亲养育方式的相互作用对于预测青少年症状很重要。尽管研究结果并没有有力地证实母亲和父亲养育方式的影响存在差异，只发现了一个显着差异，但进一步的研究将受益于父亲的代表性更强，从而能够更严格和全面地理解每个父母的角色及其互动。影响孩子的内化结果。