We examined how noun frequency and the typicality of surrounding linguistic context contribute to children’s real-time comprehension. Monolingual English-learning toddlers viewed pairs of pictures while hearing sentences with typical or atypical sentence frames (Look at the… vs. Examine the…), followed by nouns that were higher- or lower-frequency labels for a referent (horse vs. pony). Toddlers showed no significant differences in comprehension of nouns in typical and atypical sentence frames. However, they were less accurate in recognizing lower-frequency nouns, particularly among toddlers with smaller vocabularies. We conclude that toddlers can recognize nouns in diverse sentence contexts, but their representations develop gradually.

中文翻译：

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频繁与不频繁的单词塑造幼儿的实时句子理解能力

我们研究了名词频率和周围语言环境的典型性如何有助于儿童的实时理解。单语英语学习幼儿在听带有典型或非典型句子框架的句子时观看成对的图片（看着那（这…与检查…)，后跟作为所指对象的高频或低频标签的名词 (马与小马）。幼儿对典型和非典型句子框架中的名词的理解没有显着差异。然而，他们在识别低频名词方面不太准确，尤其是词汇量较小的幼儿。我们的结论是，幼儿可以识别不同句子上下文中的名词，但它们的表征是逐渐发展的。