Academic fields exhibit substantial levels of gender segregation. Here, we investigated differences in field-specific ability beliefs (FABs) as an explanation for this phenomenon. FABs may contribute to gender segregation to the extent that they portray success as depending on "brilliance" (i.e., exceptional intellectual ability), which is a trait culturally associated with men more than women. Although prior work has documented a relation between academic fields' FABs and their gender composition, it is still unclear what the underlying dynamics are that give rise to gender imbalances across academia as a function of FABs. To provide insight into this issue, we custom-built a new data set by combining information from the author-tracking service Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) with information from a survey of U.S. academics across 30 fields. Using this expansive longitudinal data set (Ns = 86,879-364,355), we found that women were underrepresented among those who enter fields with brilliance-oriented FABs and overrepresented among those who exit these fields. We also found that FABs' association with women's transitions across academic fields was substantially stronger than their association with men's transitions. With respect to mechanisms, FABs' association with gender segregation was partially explained by the fact that women encounter more prejudice in fields with brilliance-oriented FABs. With its focus on the dynamic patterns shaping segregation and its broad scope in terms of geography, career stage, and historical time, this research makes an important contribution toward understanding the factors driving gender segregation in academia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

---

特定领域的能力信念作为学者职业轨迹中性别差异的解释：来自 ORCID.Org 上公开资料的证据。

学术领域表现出严重的性别隔离。在这里，我们研究了特定领域能力信念（FAB）的差异，作为对这一现象的解释。FAB 可能会助长性别隔离，因为它们将成功描述为依赖于“才华”（即卓越的智力），而这种特质在文化上与男性比女性更相关。尽管之前的工作已经记录了学术领域的 FAB 与其性别构成之间的关系，但目前尚不清楚导致学术界 FAB 功能失衡的根本动力是什么。为了深入了解这个问题，我们将来自作者跟踪服务开放研究员和贡献者 ID (ORCID) 的信息与来自 30 个领域的美国学者调查的信息相结合，定制了一个新的数据集。使用这个广泛的纵向数据集（Ns = 86,879-364,355），我们发现，在进入以才华为导向的 FAB 领域的人中，女性所占比例不足，而在退出这些领域的人中，女性所占比例过高。我们还发现，FAB 与女性跨学术领域转型的关联性明显强于与男性转型的关联性。就机制而言，FAB 与性别隔离的关联部分是由于女性在以才华为导向的 FAB 领域遭遇更多偏见。这项研究重点关注塑造种族隔离的动态模式及其在地理、职业阶段和历史时间方面的广泛范围，为理解学术界性别隔离的驱动因素做出了重要贡献。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。