For the first time, from early 2019 to the end of 2022, Mars’ shallow and deep interiors have been explored by seismology with the InSight mission. Thanks to the performances of its seismometers and the quality of their robotic installation on the ground, 1,319 seismic events have been detected, including about 90 marsquakes at teleseismic distances, with Mw from 2.5 to 4.7 and at least 6 impacts, the largest ones with craters larger than 130 m. A large fraction of these marsquakes occur in Cerberus Fossae, demonstrating active regional tectonics. Records of pressure-induced seismic noise and signals from the penetration of a heat flow probe have provided subsurface models below the lander. Deeper direct and secondary body wave phase travel time, receiver function, and surface wave analysis have provided the first interior models of Mars, including crustal thickness and crustal layering, mantle structure, thermal lithospheric thickness, and core radius and state. ▪ With InSight's SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structure of Mars) experiment and for the first time in planetary exploration, Mars’ internal structure and seismicity are constrained. ▪ More than 1,300 seismic events and seismic noise records enable the first comparative seismology studies together with Earth and lunar seismic data. ▪ Inversion of seismic travel times and waveforms provided the first interior model of another terrestrial planet, down to the core. ▪ Several impacts were also seismically recorded with their craters imaged from orbit, providing the first data on impact dynamic on Mars.

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 火星地震学


从 2019 年初到 2022 年底，洞察号任务首次通过地震学探索了火星的浅层和深层内部。凭借其地震仪的性能和地面机器人安装的质量，已检测到 1,319 起地震事件，其中包括约 90 起远震距离的火星地震，Mw 为 2.5 至 4.7，至少有 6 次撞击，其中最大的撞击带有陨石坑大于130m。这些火星地震大部分发生在 Cerberus Fossae，显示出活跃的区域构造。压力引起的地震噪声和热流探测器穿透信号的记录提供了着陆器下方的地下模型。更深层次的直达和次级体波相位传播时间、接收函数和表面波分析提供了第一个火星内部模型，包括地壳厚度和地壳分层、地幔结构、热岩石圈厚度以及核心半径和状态。 ▪ 通过InSight 的SEIS（火星内部结构地震实验）实验，首次在行星探测中对火星的内部结构和地震活动进行了限制。 ▪ 超过 1,300 个地震事件和地震噪声记录使得首次与地球和月球地震数据一起进行比较地震学研究成为可能。 ▪ 地震传播时间和波形的反演提供了另一个类地行星的第一个内部模型，直至其核心。 ▪ 还通过从轨道拍摄的陨石坑图像对几次撞击进行了地震记录，提供了有关火星撞击动态的第一批数据。