Tech clusters like Silicon Valley play a central role for modern innovation, business competitiveness, and economic performance. This paper reviews what constitutes a tech cluster, how they function internally, and the degree to which policy makers can purposefully foster them. We describe the growing influence of advanced technologies for businesses outside of traditional tech fields, the strains and backlash that tech clusters are experiencing, and emerging research questions for theory and empirical work.

中文翻译：

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技术集群

硅谷等科技集群在现代创新、商业竞争力和经济绩效方面发挥着核心作用。本文回顾了技术集群的构成、它们如何在内部发挥作用以及政策制定者可以有目的地培养它们的程度。我们描述了先进技术对传统技术领域之外的企业日益增长的影响、技术集群正在经历的压力和反弹，以及理论和实证工作中出现的新研究问题。