Abstract

We study the effects of becoming a supplier to multinational corporations (MNCs) using tax data tracking firm-to-firm transactions in Costa Rica. Event study estimates reveal that domestic firms experience strong and persistent gains in performance after supplying to a first MNC buyer. Four years after, domestic firms employ 26% more workers and have a 4 to 9% higher total factor productivity (TFP). These effects are unlikely to be explained by demand effects or changes in tax compliance. Moreover, suppliers experience a large drop in their sales to all other buyers except the first MNC buyer in the year of the event, followed by a gradual recovery. The dynamics of adjustment in sales to others suggests that firms face short-run capacity constraints that relax over time. Four years later, the sales to others grow by 20%. Most of this growth comes from the acquisition of new buyers, which tend to be “better buyers” (e.g., larger and with more stable supplier relationships). Finally, we collected survey data from domestic firms and MNCs to provide further insights into the wide-ranging benefits of supplying to MNCs. According to our surveys, these benefits range from better managerial practices to a better reputation.

中文翻译：

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加入跨国供应链的影响：来自企业间联系的新证据*

摘要

我们使用税务数据跟踪哥斯达黎加的公司间交易，研究成为跨国公司 (MNC) 供应商的影响。事件研究估计表明，在向第一个跨国公司买家供货后，国内公司的业绩表现强劲且持续增长。四年后，国内企业雇佣的工人增加了 26%，全要素生产率 (TFP) 提高了 4% 到 9%。这些影响不太可能用需求影响或税收合规的变化来解释。此外，供应商对所有其他买家的销售额都出现了大幅下降，除了活动当年的第一个跨国公司买家，随后逐渐恢复。对他人销售的调整动态表明，企业面临随着时间的推移而放松的短期产能限制。四年后，对他人的销售额增长了 20%。这种增长大部分来自新买家的收购，这些买家往往是“更好的买家”（例如，规模更大、供应商关系更稳定）。最后，我们收集了来自国内公司和跨国公司的调查数据，以进一步了解向跨国公司供货的广泛好处。根据我们的调查，这些好处包括更好的管理实践和更好的声誉。